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Calmet. Augustine Calmet, Bibliotheca Sacra, or a Catalog of the Best Books that can be read in order to acquire a good understanding of the Scripture.

Given thus, without city, date, or translator, in the Bibliographical Appendix of Horne 1839.


Cambridge, 1899. Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis Quattor Evangelia et Actus Apostolorum complectens Graece et Latine Sumptibus Academiae phototypice repraesentatus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1899.

A photographic facsimile of the codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis. Reviewed by F.G. Kenyon in Journal of Theological Studies, volume 1 (1899), pages 293-9.


Cephalaeus, 1524. W. Cephalaeus [W. Köpffel], Novum Testamentum Graece. Argentorati, apud Wolphium Cephalaeum. Strassburg: W. Cephalaeus [W. Köpffel], 1524.

Largely a reprint, with a few unimportant alterations, of the text of Gerbel 1521. Edited for Köpffel by Johann Lonitzer.


Chamberlin, 1991. William J. Chamberlin, Catalogue of English Bible Translations: A Classified Bibliography of Versions and Editions Including Books, Parts, and Old and New Testament Apocrypha and Apocryphhal Books. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1991.


Chambers, 1885. Talbot W. Chambers, A Companion to the Revised Old Testament. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1885.


Clarke, 1804. Adam Clarke, A Succinct Account of the principal Editions of the Greek Testament, from the first printed at Complutum in 1514 to that by Professor Griesbach in 1797, arranged in chronological order, together with the chief editions of this sacred Book in three or more languages, commonly called Polyglotts &c. Manchester: Dean, 1804.


Clarke, 1831. Adam Clarke and J.B.B. Clarke, A Concise view of the Succession of Sacred Literature, in a Chronological Arrangement of Authors and their Works, from the Invention of Alphabetical Characters to the Year of our Lord 1445. London, 1831, 32. 2 vols.


Clement, 1592. Biblia Sacræ Vulgatæ Editionis Sixti V. Pontificis Max. jussu recognita et edita. Romæ, ex Typographia Apostolica Vaticana, 1592.

The Clementine Vulgate, published under the auspices of Pope Clement VIII, and declared to be the only authorized edition. This work was usually reprinted with the words Clementis VIII auctoritate inserted before edita in the title.


Colines, 1534. Simon De Colines [Simon Colinaeus], he kaine diatheke. En leutetia ton paresion, para Simoni to Kolinaio, dekembriou menos deuteron phthinontos, etei apo tes theogonias a. ph. l. d. [Romanized Greek]. Paris, 1534.

Colines, a printer at Paris, was the step-father of Robert Estienne. His text, which had little influence, was an eclectic mixture of the texts of Erasmus and the Complutensian edition (Stunica 1522).


Colwell, 1952. Ernest C. Colwell, What is the Best New Testament? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

A concise popular introduction to textual criticism which includes discussion of the English versions. The versions are rather crudely evaluated, the sole criterion being their degree of adherence to the text of Westcott and Hort 1881; on that basis the prize is given to the version done by Colwell's colleague at Chicago, Edgar Goodspeed. Conventional rules of criticism are well presented.


Colwell, 1969. Ernest C. Colwell, Studies in Methodology in Textual Criticism of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969.

Most of this book is rather technical, dealing with special issues and problems, but it contains two chapters which are very instructive for general theory: chapters five and eleven give a critical overview of the history of genealogical theories, with special attention to those of Westcott & Hort, which clearly explains the importance and the weaknesses of these theories. Other weak points in current "eclectic" methodology are also pointed out. Very few scholarly books on this subject are so direct and frank in discussing the fundamental problems taken up here.


Comfort, 1974. Philip Comfort, The Eight Translation New Testament. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, 1974.

Parallel texts of the King James version, Living Bible, Today's English Version, New International Version, Phillips, Revised Standard Version, Jerusalem Bible, and New English Bible. Appended is a very useful Guide to the Ancient Manuscripts: A Guide to Understanding Marginal Notes on Different Readings in the New Testament Manuscripts by Philip Comfort, which gives manuscript citations and evaluations for all variant readings mentioned in the marginal notes of the eight versions.


Comfort, 1990. Philip Comfort, Early Manuscripts and Modern Translations of the New Testament. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, 1990.

In this book Comfort discusses about 350 passages of the New Testament where the readings contained in papyrus manuscripts discovered in the past fifty years might be expected to have influenced the translations made during that period. For each place he lists the readings of the papyri and those of the versions, offers arguments for the adoption of the readings found in the papyri, and criticizes the versions when they fail to do so. Because the book is aimed at common readers, the text-critical arguments do not require a knowledge of Greek to be understood. Students who are limited to English will find them very helpful as illustrations of critical method.


Comfort, 1992. Philip Comfort, The Quest for the Original Text of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992.

In this book Comfort gives a series of arguments for his firm belief that the Egyptian papyrus manuscripts now available to us are practically the same as the original text. The discussion of basic theoretical issues in the first four chapters is refreshingly simple and bold, but Comfort sometimes carries this boldness too far, and introduces conjectural theories of ancient revisions of the text (along the lines of Westcott & Hort) as if they were established historical facts. Chapters five, six, and seven present a good survey of the three most important groups of papyrus manuscripts: the Oxyrhynchus papyri (see Grenfell and Hunt 1898), the Chester Beatty papyri (see Kenyon 1933), and the Bodmer papyri (see Martin 1956).


Comfort and Barrett, 2001. Philip W. Comfort and David P. Barrett, eds., The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts: A Corrected, Enlarged Edition of The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts. Wheaton: Tyndale House, 2001.

This volume gives full transcriptions and descriptions of the third-century papyrus manuscripts. It is a corrected edition of Comfort and Barrett's earlier The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), which contained so many errors that it had been withdrawn from the market by the publisher.


Copinger, 1897. W.A. Copinger, The Bible and its Transmission, being an historical and bibliographical view of the Hebrew and Greek texts, and the Greek, Latin, and other Versions of the Bible (both MS. and printed) prior to the Reformation. London: H. Sotheran, 1897.


Courcelles, 1658. Stephen Courcelles [Stephanus Curcellaeus], Novum Testamentum, studio et labore Stephani Curcellaei. Amsterdam, 1658. Reprinted 1675, 1699.

The edition of Courcelles consists of a reprint of the text of Elzevir 1633, annotated with various readings after the style of Estienne 1550 but without identifying the manuscripts or editions from which they were gathered. Moreover, in an appendix he presents together with further readings a large number of purely conjectural ones. These last often exhibited a theological tendency which at the time was called Socinian; an epithet which was generally applied to persons who openly or tacitly denied the divinity of Christ, and taught salvation by works.


Coverdale, 1535. Miles Coverdale, Biblia. The Bible, that is, the holy Scripture of the Olde and New Testament, faithfully and truly translated out of Douche and Latyn into English. Cologne, 1535.

In the New Testament Coverdale's Bible is a revision of Tyndale 1534, on the basis of the Latin Vulgate and Luther's German version.


Coverdale, 1539. Miles Coverdale, The Byble in Englysh, that is to say the content of all the holy Scripture, bothe of the Olde and Newe Testament, truly translated after the veryte of the Hebrue and Greke textes, by the dylygent men expert in the forsayde tonges. Prynted by Rychard Grafton & Edward Whitchurch. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum. London, 1539; second edition 1540.

This is Coverdale's revision of Matthew's Bible (1537). It was commonly called the "Great Bible" because of its size. The second edition (1540) included a Preface written by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, and so was sometimes called "Cranmer's Bible." The New Testament of the latter was reprinted in Bagster 1841 and in Weigle 1962.


Cowper, 1860. B.H. Cowper, Novum Testamentum Graece ex Antiquissimo Codice Alexandrino. London: Williams and Norgate, 1860.

The Codex Alexandrinus in ordinary type, with an Introduction by Cowper.


Cozza, 1889. Joseph Cozza, H NEA DIAQHKH. Novum Testamentum e Codice Vaticano 1209 nativi textus graeci primo omnium phototypice repraesentatum. Romae: E Bibliotheca Vaticana, Agente Photographo Danesi, 1889.

A Photographic facsimile of the New Testament of the Codex Vaticanus. Only 100 copies were printed.


Cunnington, 1926. E. E. Cunnington, The New Testament (or Covenant) of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: A Translation Based on the Version of A.D. 1611. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1926.

Cunnington's translation is followed by a fifteen-page appendix of Selected 'Western' Readings, in which the more interesting readings of Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis are given in English.